Проект / Про Великобританию (на англ.) - страница 2

In Great Britain it is never too hot or too cold for work or play in the open air. This is because of the sea, which keeps the island warm in winter and makes the air cool in summer.

The winds have also very much to do with weather in Great Britain. The winds blow from the south-west two days out of every three. But warm winds that blow from the Atlantic are as wet as they are warm. They also bring plenty of rain to the island. The east and north-east winds are cold and dry.

Thanks to the mild climate there are a lot of evergreen plants in Great Britain. And the country is always green. But the lack of sunshine is the reason why the cultivation of grain crops is difficult. Grass grows all the year round.

It provides fodder for cattle.

The weather changes very often. You can never have the same kind of weather for a long time. In spring sunshine and showers follow each other so often during the day that an umbrella or a raincoat are things you want most in Great Britain.

In spring the weather is generally mild but sometimes they get really cold days. The summer is not so hot as on the continent, and warm days in autumn are beautiful.

In winter they have all sorts of weather. Sometimes it rains and sometimes it snows, and they also have fog and frost. Still, in Great Britain it is never so cold in winter as on the continent, and they don’t get much snow there. The rivers and lakes are seldom covered with ice. As the ice, if there is any, is not thick enough they seldom go skating on the rivers in Great Britain.

But the worst thing about the climate in Great Britain is the thick fog they so often have in autumn or winter. In London it is sometimes so thick that cars may run into one another.

Velikobritaniya (Soyedinennoye Korolevstvo Velikobritanii i Severnoy Irlandii) - ostrov, na kotorom nakhodyatsya Angliya, Shotlandiya i Uel’s, obrazovyvayet, vmeste s mnozhestvom melkikh ostrovov, arkhipelag nepravil’noy formy s ochen’ raznoobraznym landshaftom i prirodoy. Stolitsa Velikobritanii - London, yazyk - angliyskiy, religiya - anglikanstvo, metodizm, baptizm, katolitsizm, islam, induizm, naseleniye - 81% anglichane, 10% shotlandtsy, 2% irlandtsy, 2% valliytsy, valyuta - angliyskiy funt sterling. Angliya yavlyayetsya samoy krupnoy iz trekh chastey, vkhodyashchikh v sostav Velikobritanii. Granichashchaya s Shotlandiyey na severe i Uel’som na zapade, a do Frantsii ot Anglii cherez samuyu uzkuyu chast’ La-Mansha vsego 29 km.

Средняя температура вВеликобритании выше, чем в других местностях на той же широте. Это связано с влиянием теплого теченияГольфстрим. Южная часть страны теплее и суше, чем северная. Преобладают северо-западные ветра, дующие с северной частиАтлантического океана. Пасмурных дней в году — более 50 %. Возможны сильные ветра и наводнения.
Среднегодовое количество осадков по стране изменяется в пределах от 3000 мм в Шотландском высокогорье до 553 мм вКембридже. Самое сухое место в Великобритании — графствоЭссекс — где в среднем в год выпадает 600 мм осадков, хотя дождливых дней — более 100 в год.
Экстремальные температуры, зарегистрированные за всё время наблюдений:
максимальная — 38,5 °C в графствеКент, 10 августа 2003 года; минимальная — −27,2 °C вГрампианских горах 11 февраля 1895 года, и на севере Шотландии 30 декабря 1995 года.

The most popular sport in England is football. A lot of people support their local clubs at matches on Saturday afternoons or watch the matches on television.
The football league in England and Wales has four divisions. Each division contains twenty teams. There are two main prizes each season. The football league championship is won by the team that is top of the first division. The final of this competition takes place every May at the famous Wembley stadium in London.
Some of the best-known clubs in England are Manchester United, Liverpool and Arsenal. But many clubs have problems with money at the moment. Some people say that the league is too big and that the players get paid too much. Others say that television is making the crowds stay at home.
Manchester United, in full Manchester United Football Club, also called Manchester United FC, bynames Man U and the Red Devils, English professional football (soccer) team based in Manchester, England. Nicknamed “the Red Devils” for its distinctive red jerseys, it is one of the richest and best-supported football clubs not only in Englandbut in the entire world. The club has won the English top-division league championship a record 20 times and the Football Association (FA) Cup 11 times.
The club was formed as Newton Heath LYR in 1878 by workers from the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway. Renamed Manchester United in 1902, the club won its first English league championship in 1907–08. In 1910 the club moved from its old Bank Street ground into Old Trafford stadium, which has served as the team’s home ever since.

The flag of the United Kingdom, known as the Union Jack, is made up of three crosses. The big red cross is the cross of Saint George, the patron saint of England. The white cross is the cross of Saint Andrew, the patron saint of Scotland. The red diagonal cross is the cross of Saint Patrick, the patron saint of Ireland.
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles. They lie to the north-west of Europe. The British Isles are separated from the continent by the narrow strait of water which is called the English Channel.

The United States is located in North America. The capital of Washington. United States border with Canada in the north, in the south - with Mexico, also have a maritime border with Russia. By the Pacific Ocean to the west, the Atlantic Ocean - from the east and the Arctic Ocean - with severa. Administrativno country is divided into 50 states and the District of Columbia. Maryland. Virginia. West has no official state yazyka. Tak as the country is located in a large area, it contains almost all climatic zones.

Usa full name - United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Irlandiim "-" United Kingdom ") - an island state in north-western Europe. [6] UK - one of the largest countries in Europe, nuclear power, a permanent member of the UN Security Council. Heir to the British Empire, the largest state in the history that existed in the XIX - early XX century.
Great Britain is the birthplace of modern parliamentary democracy. Government - a parliamentary monarchy.
The state is divided into four "historical provinces" (that is, "the country"): England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The shape of the administrative-territorial structure - unitary state, although three of the four historic provinces (except England) have a considerable degree of autonomy.
Capital - the city of London, one of the largest cities in Europe and a major global financial center.
Official language - English.

Education in Great Britain: Schools
   In Britain it is compulsory for everyone between the ages of 5 and 16 years to receive some officially recognized form of schooling, though most secondary schools continue to provide education until the age of 18.
   The vast majority of pupils attend state schools, which are absolutely free (including all text books and exercise books), but there are also about 500 private schools providing secondary education. The most famous of these schools are Eton and Harrow.
   There is no statutory age at which students change from primary to secondary school, nor are schools "specialized" — pupils choose from the numerous subjects taught in their particular school.
   The recently introduced National Curriculum has made it compulsory, however, for three core subjects — English, mathematics, and science — and seven other foundation subjects — technology (including design), history, geography, music, art, physical education, and a modern foreign language — to be included in the curricula of all pupils.
   Passage from one academic year to the next is automatic. After a two-year course, usually from 14 to 16 years of age, most pupils take their General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE), assessed on the basis of a mixture of course work and a written examination, in individual subjects.
   Pupils obtaining at least five passes at GCSE can then specialize for two years (usually from 16 to 18 years of age) in two or three subjects, in which they take the General Certificate of Education Advanced level (A-level) examination. This is used as an entrance qualification for university (minimum two passes) and other types of higher education, as well as for many forms of professional training.
Образование в Великобритании: Школы
   В Великобритании обязательно для всех в возрасте с 5 до 16 лет получить некоторую официально признанную форму обучения, хотя большинство средних школ продолжает давать образование до 18 летнего возраста.
    Большинство учеников посещает государственные школы, которые абсолютно бесплатны (включая все учебники и тетради), но есть также приблизительно 500 частных школ, дающих среднее образование. Самыми известными из этих школ являются Итон и Хэрроу.
   Нет никакого установленного законом возраста, когда ученики переходят из начальной в среднюю школу, и при этом школы не «специализированы» — ученики выбирают из многочисленных предметов, которые преподаются в их отдельно взятой школе.
   Однако, недавно введенный Национальный Учебный план сделал обязательным, чтобы три основных предмета — английский язык, математика, естественные науки — и семь других фундаментальных предметов — технические науки (включая черчение), история, география, музыка, рисование, физкультура и современный иностранный язык — были включены в учебные планы всех учеников.
   Перевод из одного класса в следующий является автоматическим. После двухлетнего курса, обычно в возрасте с 14 до 16 лет, большинство учеников получает свой аттестат о среднем образовании (GCSE), в котором оценки полученные за курсовые работы и письменный экзамен по отдельным предметам.
   Ученики, получающие по крайней мере пять зачетов в GCSE, могут тогда специализироваться в течение двух лет (обычно в возрасте с 16 до 18 лет) по двум или трем предметам, по которым они сдают экзамен продвинутого уровня (уровня А) на аттестат о среднем образовании. Они подают для вступления в университет (минимум два зачета) и другие до высшие учебные заведения, а также для получения различного профессионального образования.

ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОЕ УСТРОЙСТВО

Несмотря на свое название, Объединенное Королевство Великобритании и Северной Ирландии (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland) – это не федерация, а унитарное государство – парламентская монархия.

Две небольшие территории Британских островов имею особый политический статус, статус "Поданные Короны" ("Crown dependencies"). Это остров Мэн (Men) и Нормандские острова (Channel Islands). Каждая территория имеет своё правительство, парламент и систему налогов. Территории контролируются вице-губернатором, назначаемым Британским правительством.

Первым названием Англии в литературных источниках был – Альбион. Это было первое римское название Британии. Предполагается, что оно происходит от латинского слова albus – белый. Белые меловые утесы на южном побережье в окрестностях Дувра хорошо видны путешественникам с моря.

Британия – название, которое получила Северная провинция Рима, занимавшая примерно территорию современной Англии. Это также имя олицетворения Британии – женщины в шлеме с трезубцем в руках (символом власти над водной стихией). Изображение Британии чеканили на многих британских монетах более 300 лет.

Единой писаной конституции, как основного закона, страна не имеет. Её законодательство основывается на важнейших статусах, многовековых конституционных обычаях и решениях высших судебных органов (прецедентах).

Номинально верховная власть в стране принадлежит монарху (с 1952 г. – Королеве Елизавете II). Фактически же королева царствует, но не правит.

Высший законодательный орган – парламент, в который входят: королева, Палата Общин и Палата Лордов. Палата Общин – представительное общенациональное собрание, избираемое не реже одного раза в 5 лет, а Палата Лордов состоит из наследственных пэров, принцев королевской крови, высших духовных и судебных сановников и лиц, которым соответствующий титул был пожалован пожизненно монархом, часто по рекомендации премьер-министра.

Исполнительная власть осуществляется правительством во главе с премьер-министром. Обычно королева назначает премьер-министром лидера той партии, которая получила большинство мест в Палате Общин.

Флаг Объединенного Королевства (The Union Jack) представляет собой объединение креста святого Георгия, креста святого Андрея и креста святого Патрика.

But in 2014 the Catholic and Orthodox Easter is celebrated on 20 April. Worship goes by the wayside and acquires commercial shade, but after Catholics make the procession. Easter for Christians is one of the most important holidays.
                                     Great Britain
46 days. Less hard. Adhere to strict fasting only on Ash WednesdayGood Friday and Holy Saturday.
Feast of the Passover has no permanent calendar date and is celebrated in Russia and Great Britain at different times. Date of the celebration of Easter is set in the                Gregorian calendar.
One of the essential parts of the Easter service is sanctification products. Easter fireBefore the service kindle special Easter candle - Paschalis, the fire from which distribute to all believers, and then start the service. This candle is lit at all services Easter week.
                                              family holiday
The main tradition - to give is not real, and chocolate eggs, as well as souvenirs in the form of Easter eggs. Also on Easter decided to play the wedding and walk-in guests. And tinkering decorations for Easter candles - a popular British family fun.
                                         traditional dishes
The main Easter dish is baked stuffed lamb. And also on the holiday table should be cake EasterSimnelcake, which is decorated with marzipan symbolizing the 12 apostles of Jesus Christ, Easter buns with a cross on top, by eating which people should remember the throes of Christ and the cross - a symbol of his resurrection and colored eggs.
                                         Russia
40 days. Tie, includes not only refraining from "fasting foods," but also from evil deeds, roughness, hardness, egoizma. Osobenno strict in this regard is the last week before the holiday.
Date of the celebration of Easter is set by the Julian calendar.
Every year on Holy Saturday before Easter Orthodox waiting Holy Fire of the Holy Sepulchre in the Church of the Resurrection in Jerusalem.
Russia has decided to give Easter colored eggs and walk-in guests. With a take yaytso. Posle painted greeting "Christ is risen" - "Truly He is risen" thrice kiss and present each other with eggs. This custom Easter greeting eggs and bestowing a distinctive feature of Russian Easter.
The main treats - colored eggs, Easter cake and curd paskha. Prazdnichnuyu meal should start with eating kulicha. A Easter necessarily be in the form of a truncated pyramid.
                                 Symbols of Easter in Russia
Chicken - a symbol of family, loyalty and love for their children.

My family paint eggs and bake the cake
I love Easter